class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Tutorial: Making maps with R ## 🗺 <br/>from base (rock) to shiny (clouds) ### Jannes Muenchow, Robin Lovelace ### eRum Budapest, 2018-05-14 --- layout: true background-image: url(img/r_geocomp_background.png) background-size: cover --- # A brief history of geographic vizualisation I - Neo Babylonian (626 BC - 539 BC) temple plan Source: (Talbert, 2014) <img src="img/neo-babylon-temple-map-circa-600-bc.png" width="50%" /> --- # A brief history of geographic vizualisation II - Neo Babylonian (626 BC - 539 BC) map of the world Source: (Talbert, 2014) <img src="img/babylon-map.png" width="50%" /> --- # A brief history of geographic vizualisation III - Humboldt's Naturgemälde (1807, *Geography of Plants*) <!-- --> <!-- - The mappa mundi - largest Mediaval map surviving (~1300 **AD**) --> <!-- knitr::include_graphics("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Hereford-Karte.jpg?download") --> --- # A brief history of geographic data viz in R "The core R engine was not designed specifically for the display and analysis of maps, and the limited interactive facilities it offers have drawbacks in this area" (Bivand, Pebesma, and Gómez-Rubio, 2013). -- Five years later... -- "An example showing R's flexibility and evolving geographic capabilities is **leaflet** (Cheng, Karambelkar, and Xie, 2018), a package for making interactive maps that has been extended by the R community, as we'll see in Chapter 9" (Lovelace, Nowosad, and Meunchow, 2018). --- # R's 'base' graphics: sp <!-- --> --- # Base R graphics: sp code Credit: [asdar-book.org/](http://asdar-book.org/), reproducible code accompanying the book Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R (Pebesma et al. 2013). ```r library(sp) library(spData) nz_sp = as(nz, "Spatial") plot(nz_height_sp, cex = 2) title("points") plot(nz_sp, col = "grey") plot(nz_height, add = TRUE, col = "red") ``` -- ## Observations - Passes arguments (e.g `cex` for symbol size) to `graphics::plot()` - New command for each additional 'layer' (e.g. `title()`, `plot(..., add = TRUE)`) - Black and white default output style - Fast --- # Base R graphics: sf ```r plot(nz) ``` <!-- --> --- # Base R graphics: sf II ```r plot(st_geometry(nz)) plot(nz_height, add = TRUE) ``` ``` ## Warning in plot.sf(nz_height, add = TRUE): ignoring all but the first ## attribute ``` ```r sf_cols = sf.colors(n = 2, alpha = 0.2) nz$col = factor(x = nz$Island, labels = sf_cols) plot(st_geometry(nz), col = as.character(nz$col)) ``` <div class="figure"> <img src="04_viz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" alt=" " width="40%" /><img src="04_viz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-2.png" alt=" " width="40%" /> <p class="caption"> </p> </div> --- # sf graphics: code ```r # facet plots by default plot(nz) # plot just geometry, ready for new layers: plot(st_geometry(nz), reset = FALSE) # addition of new layers plot(nz_height, add = TRUE) # transparency sf_cols = sf.colors(n = 2, alpha = 0.2) nz$col = factor(x = nz$Island, labels = sf_cols) plot(st_geometry(nz), col = as.character(nz$col)) # see ?plot.sf for more ``` -- ## Observations - Facets by default: useful for seeing patterns. - Transparency new, `add = ...` argument the sam.e - You can go far with base R graphics (Murrell, 2016). --- # tmap - A diverse dedicated mapping R package ```r library(tmap) tm_shape(nz) + tm_polygons("Median_income", palette = "RdYlBu") ``` <!-- --> --- # Why tmap? - It is powerful and flexible. - Concise syntax, attractive maps with minimal code, familiar to **ggplot2** users. - Unique capability: same code -> static + interactive maps with switch `tmap_mode()`. - Wide range of spatial classes (including `raster` objects) supported. - Well documented + developed --- see [`tmap-nutshell`](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tmap/vignettes/tmap-nutshell.html) and JSS paper (Tennekes, 2018). -- - It's also at eRum! - At 13:30 in room N15 203: "Plotting spatial data in R". --- # tmap basics ```r # Add fill layer to nz shape tm_shape(nz) + tm_fill() # Add border layer to nz shape tm_shape(nz) + tm_borders() # Add fill and border layers to nz shape tm_shape(nz) + tm_fill() + tm_borders() ``` <div class="figure"> <img src="04_viz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png" alt="tmap basics" width="32%" /><img src="04_viz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-2.png" alt="tmap basics" width="32%" /><img src="04_viz_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-3.png" alt="tmap basics" width="32%" /> <p class="caption">tmap basics</p> </div> <!-- --- --> <!-- # tmap objects --> <!-- --- --> <!-- # Aesthetics --> <!-- --- --> <!-- # Layouts --> <!-- --- --> <!-- # Facets --> <!-- --- --> --- # Animations - Are easy with **tmap** (section [9.3](http://geocompr.robinlovelace.net/adv-map.html#animated-maps) of geocompr) <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1825120/38543030-5794b6f0-3c9b-11e8-9da9-10ec1f3ea726.gif" width="80%" /> --- # Interactive maps with mapview ```r m = mapview::mapview(nz) m@map ``` <div id="htmlwidget-c64406363400f876b48d" style="width:504px;height:504px;" class="leaflet html-widget"></div> <script type="application/json" 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rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>1 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Northland <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>12500.5611491 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>175500 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>23400 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.942453228842534 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>2 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Auckland <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>4941.5725565 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>1657200 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>29600 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.944285802583596 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>3 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Waikato <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>23900.0363831 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>460100 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>27900 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.952050024664133 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>4 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Bay of Plenty <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>12071.1446886 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>299900 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>26200 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.928039058955691 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>5 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Gisborne <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>8385.8266186 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>48500 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>24400 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.934973404255319 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>6 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Hawke's Bay <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>14137.5244406 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>164000 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>26100 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.923837520042758 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>7 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Taranaki <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>7254.4804331 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>118000 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>29100 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.956936261381896 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>8 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Manawatu-Wanganui <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>22220.6083872 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>234500 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>25000 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.938773377912444 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>9 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Wellington <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>North <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>8048.5527716 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>513900 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>32700 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.93355240486388 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#0000B333 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>10 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>West Coast <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>23245.45588 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>32400 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>26900 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>1.01390716030821 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>11 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Canterbury <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>44504.4990912 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>612000 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>30100 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.975326544288084 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>12 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Otago <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>31186.3091885 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>224200 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>26300 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.951169446933996 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>13 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Southland <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>31196.0603552 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>98300 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>29500 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.978506931196744 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>14 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Tasman <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>9615.9760349 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>51100 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>25700 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.971898130723874 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>15 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Nelson <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>422.195242 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>51400 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>27200 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.925967400771432 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>","<html><head><link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"lib/popup/popup.css\"><\/head><body><div class=\"scrollableContainer\"><table class=\"popup scrollable\"><table id=\"popup\"><tr class='coord'><td><\/td><td><b>Feature ID<\/b><\/td><td align='right'>16 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>1<\/td><td><b>Name <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>Marlborough <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><b>Island <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>South <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>3<\/td><td><b>Land_area <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>10457.7454853 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><b>Population <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>46200 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>5<\/td><td><b>Median_income <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>27900 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><b>Sex_ratio <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>0.957792207792208 <\/td><\/tr><tr class='alt'><td>7<\/td><td><b>geom <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>sfc_MULTIPOLYGON <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><b>col <\/b><\/td><td align='right'>#FFF50A33 <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/body><\/html>"],{"maxWidth":800,"minWidth":50,"autoPan":true,"keepInView":false,"closeButton":true,"closeOnClick":true,"className":""},["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16"],{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},{"stroke":true,"weight":2,"opacity":0.9,"fillOpacity":0.84,"bringToFront":false,"sendToBack":false}]},{"method":"addScaleBar","args":[{"maxWidth":100,"metric":true,"imperial":true,"updateWhenIdle":true,"position":"bottomleft"}]},{"method":"addHomeButton","args":[166.426302922672,-47.2828524134173,178.550373600413,-34.4145187168343,"Zoom to nz","<strong> nz <\/strong>","bottomright"]},{"method":"addLayersControl","args":[["CartoDB.Positron","CartoDB.DarkMatter","OpenStreetMap","Esri.WorldImagery","OpenTopoMap"],"nz",{"collapsed":true,"autoZIndex":true,"position":"topleft"}]}],"limits":{"lat":[-47.2828524134173,-34.4145187168343],"lng":[166.426302922672,178.550373600413]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":{"render":[{"code":"function(el, x, data) {\n return (\n function(el, x, data) {\n\n // get the leaflet map\n var map = this; //HTMLWidgets.find('#' + el.id);\n\n // we need a new div element because we have to handle\n // the mouseover output separately\n // debugger;\n function addElement () {\n // generate new div Element\n var newDiv = $(document.createElement('div'));\n // append at end of leaflet htmlwidget container\n $(el).append(newDiv);\n //provide ID and style\n newDiv.addClass('lnlt');\n newDiv.css({\n 'position': 'relative',\n 'bottomleft': '0px',\n 'background-color': 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)',\n 'box-shadow': '0 0 2px #bbb',\n 'background-clip': 'padding-box',\n 'margin': '0',\n 'padding-left': '5px',\n 'color': '#333',\n 'font': '9px/1.5 \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif',\n 'z-index': '700',\n });\n return newDiv;\n }\n\n // check for already existing lnlt class to not duplicate\n var lnlt = $(el).find('.lnlt');\n\n if(!lnlt.length) {\n lnlt = addElement();\n //$(el).keypress(function (e) {\n // if (e.which == 32 || event.keyCode == 32) {\n // alert('space key is pressed');\n // }\n //});\n // grab the special div we generated in the beginning\n // and put the mousmove output there\n map.on('mousemove', function (e) {\n lnlt.text(\n ' x: ' + L.CRS.EPSG3857.project(e.latlng).x.toFixed(0) +\n ' | y: ' + L.CRS.EPSG3857.project(e.latlng).y.toFixed(0) +\n ' | epsg: 3857 ' +\n ' | proj4: +proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs ' +\n ' | lon: ' + (e.latlng.lng).toFixed(5) +\n ' | lat: ' + (e.latlng.lat).toFixed(5) +\n ' | zoom: ' + map.getZoom() + ' ');\n });\n };\n }\n ).call(this.getMap(), el, x, data);\n}","data":null}]}}</script> --- # Web mapping applications - Leaflet integrates with **shiny** via `leaflet::leafletOutput()`, enabling web mapping applications built on R - These can be set-up to scale nationally, as illustrated by [pct.bike](http://www.pct.bike/) (Lovelace, Goodman, Aldred, Berkoff, Abbas, and Woodcock, 2017). <!-- --> --- # Exercises 1. Create a map showing the geographic distribution of the Human Development Index (`HDI`) across Africa with -base graphics (hint: use `plot()`) and -**tmap** (hint: use `tm_shape(africa) + ...`). - Name two advantages of each approach - Bonus: What three other mapping packages could be used to show the same data? -- ## Starting point for the exercise: ```r library(sf) library(spData) library(tidyverse) africa = world %>% filter(continent == "Africa", !is.na(iso_a2)) %>% left_join(worldbank_df, by = "iso_a2") %>% select(name, subregion, gdpPercap, HDI, pop_growth) %>% st_transform("+proj=aea +lat_1=20 +lat_2=-23 +lat_0=0 +lon_0=25") ``` --- class: small # References Bivand, Roger S, Edzer Pebesma and Virgilio Gómez-Rubio (2013). _Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R_. 2nd ed. 2013 edition. New York: Springer. 405 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4614-7617-7. Cheng, Joe, Bhaskar Karambelkar and Yihui Xie (2018). _Leaflet: Create Interactive Web Maps with the JavaScript 'Leaflet' Library_. R package version 2.0.0. URL: [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=leaflet](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=leaflet). Lovelace, Robin, Anna Goodman, Rachel Aldred, et al. (2017). "The Propensity to Cycle Tool: An Open Source Online System for Sustainable Transport Planning". In: _Journal of Transport and Land Use_ 10.1. ISSN: 1938-7849. DOI: [10.5198/jtlu.2016.862](https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2016.862). URL: [https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/862](https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/862) (visited on Jun. 01, 2017). Lovelace, Robin, Jakub Nowosad and Jannes Meunchow (2018). _Geocomputation with R_. CRC Press. URL: [http://robinlovelace.net/geocompr](http://robinlovelace.net/geocompr) (visited on Oct. 05, 2017). Murrell, Paul (2016). _R Graphics, Second Edition_. CRC Press. 536 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4398-3177-9. Google Books: googlebooks. Talbert, Richard J. A. (2014). _Ancient Perspectives: Maps and Their Place in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome_. 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